The Nongovernmental Organization Wikileaks

Historical Overview Wikileaks appeared in 2006 and people often describe it as a nongovernmental organization, made of various global classified media, most of which bear anonymous identities. However, the initial facilitators of wikileaks are self-proclaimed Chinese nonconformists assisted by various parties from five different continents, who had personal reasons for supply of questionably deficient information through distribution millions of documents from various countries globally.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Nongovernmental Organization Wikileaks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Miller-Jones (17, 2010), by January 2010, wikileaks was made up of five permanent employees and approximately eight hundred different volunteers from different countries worldwide. The identities of majority of these wikileaks volunteers are still anonymous. Existence of Wikileaks Tracing the existence of Wikileaks indicates that this is a strong organization made of various resourceful people from various locations globally. In line with reports from Star of New York Times (1, 2011), the Wikileaks was co-founded by Julian Assange and his attorney Jennifer Robinson. Julian Assange is a fugitive in United Kingdom of Australian origin with various warrants of arrests from different countries placed against him for sex-related crimes (Radermecker and Guichaoua, 5, 2011). A Stockholm court wants him for charges involving suspicion of rape, illegal intimidation and other sexual assaults. In 30th November 2010, he was placed among the top wanted suspects on the INTERPOL list for sexual-related crimes. Organized Crime Agencies from UK placed requests to Sweden, who acted in accordance with the appeal and followed suit to issue a warrant of arrest (Radermecker and Guichaoua, 5, 2011). Close analysis of a case filed under office of Australia’s Attorney General against Julian Assang e, authorities still indicate high possibilities of cancelling his passport and charging him for bleaching criminal laws by releasing unsubstantiated information through the US diplomatic cables. Wikileaks Registration Wikileaks is rightfully registered to John Shipton, Kristinn Hrafnsson is Wikileaks spokes person. Jacob Appelbaum, an IT specialist and a media consultant in U.S., also has a very close connection to Wikileaks. Although the status of Kristinn and Jacob are not certain, the five permanent employees of Wikileaks are arguably, Julian Assange, his attorney Jennifer Robinson, John Shipton, Kristinn Hrafnsson and Jacob Appelbaum.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The organization has very strong volunteers including Theodar Reppe the host of wakipedia.de who is also a media consultant in U.S. James Ball and Jennifer 8. Lee identified as U.S. nationals, fre elance journalists as well as media consultants. David House and Daniel Mathews are also U.S nationals who volunteer to the organization and are both freelance journalists (Domscheit-Berg, 2, 2011). Wikileaks Capabilities According to Miller-Jones (29, 2010), contributions and support of specialist like Glenn Greenwald are very strong such that their refrain from the organization would easily lead to the collapse of Wikileaks. Both the employees and top volunteers of Wikileaks are strong professionals who have some form of liberal minds but who can easily change exploits to preserve their professionalism over fame and personal reasons. Wikileaks uses various global web hosts such as the famous PeRiQuito abbreviated PRQ server in Sweden owned by Pirate Bay co-founders, the Amazon of the U.S. and OVH of France hosting its focal site on IP address 088.080.013.160. Despite this global publicity, Wikileaks still boasts as untraceable or undistinguishable system with massive sources of gl obal information leaks. The main repository for the documents is in Sweden under the PRQ web host indentified through 088.080.002.032 address. Various global volunteers have private ownership of other Wikileaks’ domains or sub-domains. The main mirror site of Wikileaks exists in Switzerland hosted by the ImproWare AG web host addressed 087.102.255.157. The recent disconnection of Wikileaks from Amazon web server a U.S. company has forced them to depend on services of Bahnhof AB web host based in Sweden, whose location is literally â€Å"A cold War bomb shelter† as shown in the picture below (Leigh and Harding, 4, 2011). Immediate transfer from the Amazon host in U.S to Bahnhof AB web host is an indication that those managing Wikileaks are determined and conscious of its undertakings and is ready to protect its anonymous identity especially of the volunteers by constantly shifting its host internationally. Wikileaks Survival Tactics Wikileaks is able to conceal its ide ntity by incorporating its activities in various global incorporations. Their listing is also under various countries’ registered firms who provide full protection under different laws. According to reports from Star (1, 2011), some of the known firms include â€Å"an Australian based library, a newspaper print based in Sweden, a France foundation, and two anonymous tax exempted non-profit making organization based in United States.† The Wikileaks founders and managers also ensure protection by choosing safe and significant places where laws are protective enough, for instance the recent releases occurred from Iceland where laws on freedom of speech are extremely protective.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Nongovernmental Organization Wikileaks specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Wikileaks Strengths and Weaknesses The ability to maintain a wide range of volunteers submitting information w ithout any form of coordination or supervision means that there are enough supplies of leaks. Wikileaks also have a wide infrastructure made of many organizations who willing submit information. This is an indication that it is very hard or pointless for governments to bother in stopping the distribution of information. Once a web host is shut down, they are able to get a new host immediately and continue supplying information. Contrary, Wikileaks is not financially stable various governments are able to collaboratively block some sources of fund from supporters. People are fearful of possible security attacks when they submit information to the known Wikileaks servers such as the Sweden server. There are high doubts and fear among volunteers over the issues of personal security when communicating with Wikileaks, probably the reason why many volunteers are refraining from its activities since the exposure. The exposure of founder Julian Assange has also fractured the organization si nce he is implicated in various sexual-related crimes and many people would not wish to be associated with him, to avoid negative impressions. Julian has also formed a form of attack to the U.S. government by selectively releasing demurring information about the government (Radermecker and Guichaoua, 5, 2011). The high publicity that Wikileaks is receiving is not a good since the information attack on various organizations and governments may generate pressure for a counter-attack. Governments are failing to stop the leaks of information because they lack enough time to come up with the appropriate infrastructure that can support this form of highly dynamic network. Wikileaks threats require some comprehensive scrutiny of information and implementation of capable infrastructure as well as expertise to counter cyber threats, frauds, and have skills of analyzing the destiny and sources of information and exploitation of the social form of media. Conclusion Wikileaks is made of a netwo rk of people with a mission of delivering a mass of document leaks. It is therefore not one person or an organization but a combination of social media made by people who are enthusiastic to persistently place threats. This means that even if the governments managed to put good investigative teams or agencies to shut down Wikileaks, the document supplies will continue and find other ways of protesting government acts. Various technology experts such as HBGary Federal agencies, Palantir and Berico expertise have been put in place to combat Wikileaks’ information releases, which is widely accused of lacking sufficient proof and proper editorial discretion policies.Advertising Looking for research paper on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Bibliography Domscheit-Berg, D. (2011). Inside WikiLeaks: My Time With Julian Assange at the ` World’s Most Dangerous Website. New York, NY: Crown Publishing Group. Leigh, D Harding L. (2011). WikiLeaks: Inside Julian Assange’s War on Secrecy. New York, NY: PublicAffairs Publishers. Miller-Jones, E.R. (2010). Wikileaks. Mauritius: Fastbook publishers. Radermecker, S Guichaoua, V. (2011). Julian Assange – WikiLeaks: Warrior for Truth. Montreal, Canada: Cogito Media Group. Star, A. (2011). Open Secrets: WikiLeaks, War and American Diplomacy. New York, NY: New York Times Company. This research paper on The Nongovernmental Organization Wikileaks was written and submitted by user Garrett B. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The History of Delphi

The History of Delphi This document provides concise descriptions of Delphi versions and its history, along with a brief list of features and notes. Find out how Delphi evolved from Pascal to a RAD tool that can help you solve complex development problems to deliver high-performance, highly scalable applications ranging from desktop and database applications to mobile and distributed applications for the Internet Ââ€" not only for Windows but also for Linux and the .NET. What is Delphi?Delphi is a high-level, compiled, strongly typed language that supports structured and object-oriented design. Delphi language is based on Object Pascal. Today, Delphi is much more than simply Object Pascal language. The roots: Pascal and its historyThe origin of Pascal owes much of its design to Algol - the first high-level language with a readable, structured, and systematically defined syntax. In the late sixties (196X), several proposals for an evolutionary successor to Algol were developed. The most successful one was Pascal, defined by Prof. Niklaus Wirth. Wirth published the original definition of Pascal in 1971. It was implemented in 1973 with some modifications. Many of the features of Pascal came from earlier languages. The case statement, and value-result parameter passing came from Algol, and the records structures were similar to Cobol and PL 1. Besides cleaning up or leaving out some of Algols more obscure features, Pascal added the capability to define new data types out of simpler existing ones. Pascal also supported dynamic data structures; i.e., data structures which can grow and shrink while a program is running. The language was designed to be a teaching tool for students of p rogramming classes. In 1975, Wirth and Jensen produced the ultimate Pascal reference book Pascal User Manual and Report. Wirth stopped its work on Pascal in 1977 to create a new language, Modula - the successor to Pascal. Borland PascalWith the release (November 1983) of Turbo Pascal 1.0, Borland started its journey into the world of development environments and tools. To create Turbo Pascal 1.0 Borland licensed the fast and inexpensive Pascal compiler core, written by Anders Hejlsberg. Turbo Pascal introduced an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) where you could edit the code, run the compiler, see the errors, and jump back to the lines containing those errors. Turbo Pascal compiler has been one of the best-selling series of compilers of all time, and made the language particularly popular on the PC platform. In 1995 Borland revived its version of Pascal when it introduced the rapid application development environment named Delphi - turning Pascal into a visual programming language. The strategic decision was to make database tools and connectivity a central part of the new Pascal product. The roots: DelphiAfter the release of Turbo Pascal 1, Anders joined the company as an employee and was the architect for all versions of the Turbo Pascal compiler and the first three versions of Delphi. As a chief architect at Borland, Hejlsberg secretly turned Turbo Pascal into an object-oriented application development language, complete with a truly visual environment and superb database-access features: Delphi. What follows on the next two pages, is a concise description of Delphi versions and its history, along with a brief list of features and notes. Now, that we know what Delphi is and where are its roots, its time to take a trip into the past... Why the name Delphi?As explained in the Delphi Museum article, project codenamed Delphi hatched in mid 1993. Why Delphi? It was simple: If you want to talk to [the] Oracle, go to Delphi. When it came time to pick a retail product name, after an article in Windows Tech Journal about a product that will change the life of programmers, the proposed (final) name was AppBuilder. Since Novell released its Visual AppBuilder, the guys at Borland needed to pick another name; it became a bit of a comedy: the harder people tried to dismiss Delphi for the product name, the more it gained support. Once touted as the VB killer Delphi has remained a cornerstone product for Borland. Note: some of the links below marked with an asterix (*), using the Internet Archive WayBackMachine, will take you several years in the past, showing how Delphi site looked long-ago.The rest of the links will point you to a more in-depth look at what each (new) technology is about, with tutorials and articles. Delphi 1 (1995)Delphi, Borlands powerful Windows programming development tool first appeared in 1995. Delphi 1 extended the Borland Pascal language by providing object-orientated and form-based approach, extremely fast native code compiler, visual two-way tools and great database support, close integration with Windows and the component technology. Heres the Visual Component Library First Draft Delphi 1* slogan:Delphi and Delphi Client/Server are the only development tools that provide the Rapid Application Development (RAD) benefits of visual component-based design, the power of an optimizing native code compiler and a scalable client/server solution. HereÂ’s what were the 7 Top Reasons to Buy Borland Delphi 1.0 Client/Server* Delphi 2 (1996)Delphi 2* is the only Rapid Application Development tool that combines the performance of the worlds fastest optimizing 32-bit native-code compiler, the productivity of visual component-based design, and the flexibility of scalable database architecture in a robust object-oriented environment. Delphi 2, beside being developed for the Win32 platform (full Windows 95 support and integration), brought improved database grid, OLE automation and variant data type support, the long string data type and Visual Form Inheritance. Delphi 2: the Ease of VB with the Power of C Delphi 3 (1997)The most comprehensive set of visual, high-performance, client and server development tools for creating distributed enterprise and Web-enabled applications. Delphi 3* introduced new features and enhancements in the following areas: the code insight technology, DLL debugging, component templates, the DecisionCube and TeeChart components, the WebBroker technology, ActiveForms, component packages, and integration with COM through interfaces. Delphi 4 (1998)Delphi 4* is a comprehensive set of professional and client/server development tools for building high productivity solutions for distributed computing. Delphi provides Java interoperability, high performance database drivers, CORBA development, and Microsoft BackOffice support. Youve never had a more productive way to customize, manage, visualize and update data. With Delphi, you deliver robust applications to production, on time and on budget. Delphi 4 introduced docking, anchoring and constraining components. New features included the AppBrowser, dynamic arrays, method overloading, Windows 98 support, improved OLE and COM support as well as extended database support. Delphi 5 (1999)High-productivity development for the Internet Delphi 5* introduced many new features and enhancements. Some, among many others, are: various desktop layouts, the concept of frames, parallel development, translation capabilities, enhanced integrated debugger, new Internet capabilities (XML), more database power (ADO support), etc. Then, in 2000, Delphi 6 was the first tool to fully supports new and emerging Web Services ... What follows is a concise description of most recent Delphi versions, along with a brief list of features and notes. Delphi 6 (2000)Borland Delphi is the first rapid application development environment for Windows that fully supports new and emerging Web Services. With Delphi, corporate or individual developers can create next-generation e-business applications quickly and easily. Delphi 6 introduced new features and enhancements in the following areas: IDE, Internet, XML, Compiler, COM/Active X, Database support...WhatÂ’s more, Delphi 6 added the support for cross-platform development Ââ€" thus enabling the same code to be compiled with Delphi (under Windows) and Kylix (under Linux). More enhancements included: support for Web Services, the DBExpress engine, new components and classes... Delphi 7 (2001)Borland Delphi 7 Studio provides the migration path to Microsoft .NET that developers have been waiting for. With Delphi, the choices are always yours: youre in control of a complete e-business development studio Ââ€" with the freedom to easily take your solutions cross-platform to Linux. Delphi 8For the 8th anniversary of Delphi, Borland prepared the most significant Delphi release: Delphi 8 continues to provide Visual Component Library (VCL) and Component Library for Cross-platform (CLX) development for Win32 (and Linux) as well as new features and continued framework, compiler, IDE, and design time enhancements. Delphi 2005 (part of Borland Developer Studio 2005)Diamondback is the code name of the next Delphi release. The new Delphi IDE supports multiple personalities. It supports Delphi for Win 32, Delphi for .NET and C#... Delphi 2006 (part of Borland Developer Studio 2006)BDS 2006 (code named DeXter) includes complete RAD support for C and C# in addition to Delphi for Win32 and Delphi for .NET programming languages. Turbo Delphi - for Win32 and .Net developmentTurbo Delphi line of products is a subset of the BDS 2006. CodeGear Delphi 2007Delphi 2007 released in March 2007. Delphi 2007 for Win32 is primarily targeted at Win32 developers wanting to upgrade their existing projects to include full Vista support - themed applications and VCL support for glassing, file dialogs, and Task Dialog components. Embarcadero Delphi 2009Embarcadero Delphi 2009. Support for .Net dropped. Delphi 2009 has unicode support, new language features like Generics and Anonymous methods, the Ribbon controls, DataSnap 2009... Embarcadero Delphi 2010Embarcadero Delphi 2010 released in 2009. Delphi 2010 allows you to create touch based user interfaces for tablet, touchpad and kiosk applications. Embarcadero Delphi XEEmbarcadero Delphi XE released in 2010. Delphi 2011, brings many new features and improvements: Built-in Source Code Management, Built-in Cloud Development (Windows Azure, Amazon EC2), Innovative expanded Tool Chest for optimized development, DataSnap Multi-tier Development, much more... Embarcadero Delphi XE 2Embarcadero Delphi XE 2 released in 2011. Delphi XE2 will allow you to: Build 64-bit Delphi applications, Use the same source code to target Windows and OS X, Create GPU-powered FireMonkey (HD and 3D business) application, Extend multi-tier DataSnap applications with new mobile and cloud connectivity in RAD Cloud, Use VCL styles to modernize the look of your applications...